![]() ![]() Ten Colossi were in use by the end of the war and an eleventh was being commissioned. An improved Colossus Mark 2 that used shift registers to quintuple the processing speed, first worked on 1 June 1944, just in time for the Normandy landings on D-Day. The prototype, Colossus Mark 1, was shown to be working in December 1943 and was in use at Bletchley Park by early 1944. (Turing's machine that helped decode Enigma was the electromechanical Bombe, not Colossus.) ![]() It has sometimes been erroneously stated that Turing designed Colossus to aid the cryptanalysis of the Enigma. Alan Turing's use of probability in cryptanalysis (see Banburismus) contributed to its design. Ĭolossus was designed by General Post Office (GPO) research telephone engineer Tommy Flowers to solve a problem posed by mathematician Max Newman at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park. Colossus is thus regarded as the world's first programmable, electronic, digital computer, although it was programmed by switches and plugs and not by a stored program. Colossus used thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) to perform Boolean and counting operations. Paper tape of up to 20,000 × 5-bit characters in a continuous loopĬolossus was a set of computers developed by British codebreakers in the years 1943–1945 to help in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. A total of 1,600 in Mk 1 and 2,400 in Mk 2. Programmed using switches and plug panelsĬustom circuits using thermionic valves and thyratrons. ![]()
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